PMC

Flip-bucket types for the testing: (a) continuous bucket (CB) and (b) tongue-shaped bucket (TB) (θ represents the bucket angles, l₁ represents the length of the flip bucket, b represents the width of the flip bucket, l₂ represents the sidewall length of the TB, and r represents the radius of the TB).

Actual (solid thin line) and approximated (dotted line) coverable regions for bucket 1 under: a. m = 1; b. m = 2; and c. m = 3. Outer solid lines represent the theoretical bucket 1 region. All arrowed line segments are drawn from the centers to the corresponding arcs with radius p

Centrifuge equipment that consists of (a) a 9.1 m radius geotechnical centrifuge, (b) a tsunami-generation container installed in the bucket of (a), and (c) a soil-specimen box installed in (b). Two pneumatic actuators seen in (b) are used to lift the discharge gates to initiate the runup phase and the subsequent drawdown phase. The angled mirror and the observation window next to the soil specimen box are seen in (c) on the right-hand side of the image. Schematic drawings of the container (1.93 m long, 0.94 m wide and 0.58 m deep) are depicted in (d) plan view and (e) elevation view: filled dots represent the location of water-pressure transducer to measure the flow depth. Placement of the soil-specimen box (c) (0.520 m long, 0.345 m wide, 0.230 m deep) is marked with the dashed line in both (d,e).

(a) is the target color scene, i.e., a printed film of the CIE 1931 color space. (b) is the spectral modulation film used in our setup. The rainbow spectrum is converged along the radius of the film, thus different wavelength bands are modulated with different sinusoidal periods as the film rotates. (c) shows an exemplar recorded 1D measurement sequence corresponding to a specific spatial pattern. (d) is the Fourier decomposition of the measurements, which exhibits several dominant frequencies. The coefficients of these dominant frequencies are exactly the response signals’ strengths of corresponding wavelength bands. (e) shows the decomposed sequences of different spectrum bands, and (f) presents the final reconstructed multispectral images (each owning 64 × 64 pixels) corresponding to 10 narrow bands ranging from 450 nm to 650 nm.